Dynamics of crystallization and dissolution of calcium orthophosphates at the near-molecular level

Although extensive investigations of biogenic and geological calcium phosphate crystallization/dissolution and their phase transformations have been performed,the mechanisms of crystallization and dissolution of sparingly soluble calcium phosphates in geological settings have not been completely determined at the near-molecular level.In particular,an understanding of the physical-chemical processes at the earliest nucleation stage and the subsequent crystal surface dynamics in soil solutions is lacking.This review focuses on the earliest events in homo/heterogeneous nucleation from an initial supersaturated solution phase,the subsequent growth of calcium phosphate phases,and the relevant influences of the presence of additional inorganic and organic molecules in both geological and biological settings.These studies have implications for the understanding of the complex processes of calcium phosphate transformations in soils,and provide possible physical-chemical mechanisms for the biogeochemical behavior of phosphorus at the near-molecular level.     

天然气水合物的研究现状和前景

天然气水合物是继煤、石油和天然气等能源之后的一种潜在的新型能源，是在高压、低温条件下形成的冰状固体物质，它广泛存在于极地地区，通常与永冻土带的近海和深海以及陆架和岛屿边缘密切相关。本文介绍天然气水合物的概念，物化性质等，综述了国内外天然气水合物的研究现状并指出其发展趋势，最后得出，天然气水合物的研究意义重大。     

制备K2SO4新方法的初步研究

本文利用热溶冷结晶原理，提供了一种制备Ｋ２ＳＯ４的新方法。     

复方溶囊散对小白鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

通过检测免疫受抑小白鼠的T细胞亚群、T细胞转化率及血清溶血素水平 ,探讨复方溶囊散对小白鼠免疫功能的影响 .结果表明 ,复方溶囊散对小白鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫功能均有明显的促进提高作用     

纳米药物晶体的制备技术及其应用

纳米药物晶体技术是一种新颖的增加难溶性药物溶解度的药剂学途径,通过该技术制备的纳米药物晶体粒径小、载药量高,适用于多种给药途径,可显著提高药物溶解度和溶出速率,日益受到药剂工作者和研究人员的关注。通过查阅国内外文献,对纳米药物晶体的特点、増溶机理、制备方法、制备过程中使用的稳定剂以及市场应用等方面的研究情况进行了综述。     

A possible important CO2 sink by the global water cycle

The locations, magnitudes, variations and mechanisms responsible for the global CO2 sink are uncertain and under debate. Here, we show, based on theoretical calculations and evidences from field monitoring results, that there is a possible important CO2 sink （as DIC-dissolved inorganic carbon） by the global water cycle. The sink constitutes up to 0.8013 Pg C/a （or 10.1% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emission, or 28.6% of the missing CO2 sink）, and is formed by the CO2 absorption of water and subsequent enhanced consumption by carbonate dissolution and aquatic plant photosynthesis. Of the sink, 0.5188 Pg C/a goes to sea via precipitation over sea （0.2748 Pg C/a） and continental rivers （0.244 Pg C/a）, 0.158 Pg C/a is released to the atmosphere again, and 0.1245 Pg C/a is stored in the continental aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the net sink could be 0.6433 Pg C/a. This sink may increase with the global-warming-intensified global water cycle, the increase in CO2 and carbonate dust in atmosphere, and reforestation/afforestation, the latter increasing soil CO2, and thus the concentration of the DIC in water.     

Dissolution and diffusion of TiO2 in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag

The dissolution of TiO2 in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag under static conditions was studied in the temperature range from 1643 K to 1703 K. After TiO2 dissolved, the microstructure of the interface between TiO2 and the slag was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the concentration profiles of Ti4＋and other ions across the TiO2/slag interfaces were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. On the basis of these results, the dissolution behavior of TiO2 was evaluated, and the diffusivity of Ti4＋in the bulk slag was estimated. Ac-cording to the Stokes-Einstein relation, the viscosity calculated by a previously reported model gave a diffusivity of Ti4＋ions greater than that estimated by the concentration profiles of Ti4＋ions. The mechanism of TiO2 dissolution in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag is discussed in de-tail.     

环形腔气体溶解析出对油气悬架性能的影响

工程车辆单气室油气不分离式油气悬架内随油液流动进入环形腔的气体,在环形腔内溶解析出会对油气悬架性能产生一定的影响.为此,文中建立以环形腔内气体体积为判断导向的油气悬架非线性数学模型,采用联合模拟仿真的方法求解非线性方程组,分析环形腔内气体溶解析出对环形腔内压力变化的影响,并搭建等比例油气悬架试验台进行验证.仿真结果和试验结果对比表明:文中建立的数学模型能够准确地描述环形腔内气体溶解析出变化对油气悬架性能的影响;环形腔内气体溶解析出在油气悬架设计和使用过程中不可忽略;在此影响过程中气体溶解度和油气悬架外加激励的作用明显;环形腔内气体溶解析出变化对油气悬架簧上质量相对位移的影响有限,但对油气悬架内部结构的冲击、振动强度及寿命有较大的影响.     

中国煤层气资源潜力及增产措施

中国煤层气资源潜力巨大,以华北和西北聚煤大区为主要煤层气富集区。通过总结国内外煤层气开发经验,指出了目前用于提高煤层气的主要增产技术,即丛式井与定向羽状水平井、水力压裂改造技术和注气驱替技术,这也是目前国内外煤层气开发单位集中力量重点研究的增产技术;最后对我国煤层气的勘探开发前景进行了展望。